3 Signalering, diagnostiek en verwijzing

[1] Abramovitch IB, Abramovitch HH. Enuresis in cross-cultural perspective: a comparison of training for elimination control in three Israeli ethnic groups. The Journal of social psychology 1989;129(1):47-56

[2] Abrams. Waarom ik wel en anderen niet? De problematiek rondom bedplassen: een vergelijking met 2002 rapport TNS NIPO B6095 2004

[3] Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, Van Kerrebroeck P, Victor A, Wein A, . The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology 2003;61(1):37-49

[4] Albadi S. Bedplassen bij kinderen in 3 asielzoekerscentra Leiden: TNO, Preventie en Gezondheid 2004

[5] Arnell H, Hjälmås K, Jägervall M, Läckgren G, Stenberg A, Bengtsson B, Wassén C, Emahazion T, Annerén G, Pettersson U, Sundvall M, Dahl N. The genetics of primary nocturnal enuresis: inheritance and suggestion of a second major gene on chromosome 12q. Journal of medical genetics 1997;34(5):360-5

[6] Azrin NH, Foxx RM. A rapid method of toilet training the institutionalized retarded. Journal of applied behavior analysis 1971;4(2):89-99

[7] Bader G, Nevéus T, Kruse S, Sillén U. Sleep of primary enuretic children and controls. Sleep 2002;25(5):579-83

[8] Bael A.M.. Functional urinary incontinence in children: clinical and urodynamic diagnosis, comorbidity, and interventions in a multicenter controlled trial Tijdschrift van de Belgische kinderarts 2008;10(4):38

[9] Bakker E, van Sprundel M, van der Auwera JC, van Gool JD, Wyndaele JJ. Voiding habits and wetting in a population of 4,332 Belgian schoolchildren aged between 10 and 14 years. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 2002;36(5):354-62

[10] Benninga M.A, Berger M.Y, Boluyt N, Tabbers M.M. Concept Richtlijn Obstipatie bij kinderen van 0 tot 18 jaar 2010

[11] Blankespoor M.N., van Leerdam F. Zindelijkheid en luiergebruik Tijdschrift Jeugdgezondheidszorg 2003

[12] Boomsma LJ, van Dijk PA, Dijkstra RH, van der Laan JR, van der Meulen P, Ubbink J. NHG-Standaard Enuresis Nocturna (eerste herziening) Huisarts en Wetenschap 2006;49(13):663

[13] Brooks LJ, Topol HI. Enuresis in children with sleep apnea. The Journal of pediatrics 2003;142(5):515-8

[14] Bulk-Bunschoten AMW, Benninga MA, Kneepkens CMF, van der Wal M, Hirasing RA. Fecal incontinence in childhood: a guideline of fecal incontinence Child Health E-Health 2008

[15] Burgers JS, van Everdingen JJE. Evidence-based richtlijnontwikkeling: het EBRO-platform Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 2004;148():2057

[16] Butler R, Holland P, Devitt H, Hiley E, Roberts G, Redfern E. The effectiveness of desmopressin in the treatment of childhood nocturnal enuresis: predicting response using pretreatment variables. British journal of urology 1998;81 Suppl 3():29-36

[17] Butler RJ. Childhood nocturnal enuresis: Developing a conceptual framework Clinical Psychology Review 2004;24(8):909

[18] Butler RJ. Establishment of working definitions in nocturnal enuresis. Archives of disease in childhood 1991;66(2):267-71

[19] Butler RJ, Holland P. The three systems: a conceptual way of understanding nocturnal enuresis. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 2000;34(4):270-7

[20] Butler RJ, Robinson JC. Alarm treatment for childhood nocturnal enuresis: an investigation of within-treatment variables. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 2002;36(4):268-72

[21] Capdevila OS, Dayyat E, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D. Prevalence of epileptiform activity in healthy children during sleep. Sleep medicine 2008;9(3):303-9

[22] Coenen-van Vroonhoven EJC, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Advies 'Contactmomenten JGZ 0-19 jaar' KvL/P&Z 2010

[23] Toilet learning: Anticipatory guidance with a child-oriented approach. Paediatrics & child health 2000;5(6):333-44

[24] Devlin JB. Prevalence and risk factors for childhood nocturnal enuresis. Irish medical journal ;84(4):118-20

[25] DiMichele S, Sillen U, Engel JA, Hjälmås K, Rubenson A, Söderpalm B. Desmopressin and vasopressin increase locomotor activity in the rat via a central mechanism: implications for nocturnal enuresis. The Journal of urology 1996;156(3):1164-8

[26] van Dommelen P, Kamphuis M, van Leerdam FJM, de Wilde JA, Rijpstra AB, Campagne AE, Verkerk PH. The short- and long-term effects of simple behavioral interventions for nocturnal enuresis in young children: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of pediatrics 2009;154(5):662-6

[27] Eiberg H. Total genome scan analysis in a single extended family for primary nocturnal enuresis: evidence for a new locus (ENUR3) for primary nocturnal enuresis on chromosome 22q11. European urology 1998;33 Suppl 3():34-6

[28] Eiberg H, Berendt I, Mohr J. Assignment of dominant inherited nocturnal enuresis (ENUR1) to chromosome 13q. Nature genetics 1995;10(3):354-6

[29] Eiberg H, Shaumburg HL, Von Gontard A, Rittig S. Linkage study of a large Danish 4-generation family with urge incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. The Journal of urology 2001;166(6):2401-3

[30] Eller DA, Homsy YL, Austin PF, Tanguay S, Cantor A. Spot urine osmolality, age and bladder capacity as predictors of response to desmopressin in nocturnal enuresis. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1997;183():41-5

[31] , Agostoni C, Braegger C, Decsi T, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, Mihatsch W, Moreno LA, Puntis J, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Turck D, van Goudoever J. Breast-feeding: A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2009;49(1):112-25

[32] Evans JH. Evidence based management of nocturnal enuresis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2001;323(7322):1167-9

[33] van Everdingen-Faasen EQ, Gerritsen BJ, Mulder PGH, Fliers EA, Groeneweg M. Psychosocial co-morbidity affects treatment outcome in children with fecal incontinence. European journal of pediatrics 2008;167(9):985-9

[34] Feehan M, McGee R, Stanton W, Silva PA. A 6 year follow-up of childhood enuresis: prevalence in adolescence and consequences for mental health. Journal of paediatrics and child health 1990;26(2):75-9

[35] Fleuren MAH, Kamphuis M, Deurloo JA. Handreiking 'Randvoorwaarden voor de invoering van de JGZ-richtlijn Zindelijkheid voor JGZ-oranisaties' Leiden: TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (TNO rapport, KvL/P&Z) 2010

[36] Foquz Etnomarketing 2004

[37] Glazener CM, Evans JH. Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2002

[38] Glazener CMA, Evans JHC, Cheuk DKL. Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2005

[39] Glazener CMA, Evans JHC, Peto RE. Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2005

[40] Glazener CMA, Evans JHC, Peto RE. Complex behavioural and educational interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2004

[41] von Gontard A, Eiberg H, Hollmann E, Rittig S, Lehmkuhl G. Molecular genetics of nocturnal enuresis: clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 1998;87(5):571-8

[42] Gümüş B, Vurgun N, Lekili M, Işcan A, Müezzinoğlu T, Büyuksu C. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and accompanying factors in children aged 7-11 years in Turkey. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 1999;88(12):1369-72

[43] Van Hoeck KJ, Bael AN, Lax H, Hirche H, Bernaerts K, Vandermaelen V, van Gool JD. Improving the cure rate of alarm treatment for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis by increasing bladder capacity--a randomized controlled trial in children. The Journal of urology 2008;179(3):1122-6; discussion 1126-7

[44] Hirasing RA. Richtsnoer Enuresis Nocturna: praktische richtlijn voor het begeleiden van kinderen die in bed plassen 2004

[45] Hirasing RA, Bolk-Bennink L. Handleiding voor de begeleiding van kinderen die in bed plassen Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum 1995

[46] Hirasing RA, Bolk-Bennink L, Reus H. Dry bed training by parents: results of a group instruction program. The Journal of urology 1996;156(6):2044-6

[47] Hirasing RA, Creemers MHM. Kenmerken van enuresis nocturna bij 9-jarigen Tijdschr. Jeugdgezondheidszorg 1994;26():71

[48] Hirasing RA, Reus H. [Good long-term results of dry bed training in children with nocturnal enuresis]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 1994;138(27):1366-8

[49] Hirasing RA, van Leerdam FJ, Bolk-Bennink L, Janknegt RA. Enuresis nocturna in adults. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 1997;31(6):533-6

[50] Hirasing RA, van Leerdam FJ, Bolk-Bennink LB, Bosch JD. Bedwetting and behavioural and/or emotional problems. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 1997;86(10):1131-4

[51] HiraSing RA, van Leerdam FJM, Bolk-Bennink LF, Koot HM. Effect of dry bed training on behavioural problems in enuretic children. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2002;91(8):960-4

[52] Hjälmås K. SWEET, the Swedish Enuresis Trial. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1995;173():89-92; discussion 93

[53] Hoag JM, Norriss NG, Himeno ET, Jacobs J. The encopretic child and his family. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 1971;10(2):242

[54] Horn IB, Brenner R, Rao M, Cheng TL. Beliefs about the appropriate age for initiating toilet training: are there racial and socioeconomic differences? The Journal of pediatrics 2006;149(2):165-8

[55] de Jong TP. Richtlijn Incontinentie bij kinderen 2008

[56] Kirk J, Rasmussen PV, Rittig S, Djurhuus JC. Micturition habits and bladder capacity in normal children and in patients with desmopressin-resistant enuresis. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1995;173():49-50

[57] Van Laecke E, Golinveaux L, Goossens L, Raes A, Hoebeke P, Vande Walle J. Voiding disorders in severely mentally and motor disabled children. The Journal of urology 2001;166(6):2404-6

[58] Van Leerdam FJM, Blankespoor MN, Van Der Heijden AJ, Hirasing RA. Alarm treatment is successful in children with day- and night-time wetting. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 2004;38(3):211-5

[59] van Leerdam FJM. Enuresis, a major problem or a simple developmental delay? Proefschrift Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 2005

[60] Mikkelsen EJ. Enuresis and encopresis: ten years of progress. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2001;40(10):1146-58

[61] Mikkelsen EJ, Rapoport JL, Nee L, Gruenau C, Mendelson W, Gillin JC. Childhood enuresis. I. Sleep patterns and psychopathology. Archives of general psychiatry 1980;37(10):1139-44

[62] Mota DM, Barros AJD. Toilet training: methods, parental expectations and associated dysfunctions. Jornal de pediatria 2008;84(1):9-17

[63] Nappo S, Del Gado R, Chiozza ML, Biraghi M, Ferrara P, Caione P. Nocturnal enuresis in the adolescent: a neglected problem. BJU international 2002;90(9):912-7

[64] Constipation: the diagnosis and management of idiopathic childhood constipation in primary and secondary care National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence 2010

[65] Nevéus T. The evaluation and treatment of therapy-resistant enuresis: a review. Upsala journal of medical sciences 2006;111(1):61-71

[66] Nevéus T, Bader G, Sillén U. Enuresis, sleep and desmopressin treatment Acta Paediatrica 2002;91(10):1121

[67] Nevéus T, Läckgren G, Tuvemo T, Hetta J, Hjälmås K, Stenberg A. Enuresis--background and treatment. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 2000

[68] Nevéus T, Stenberg A, Läckgren G, Tuvemo T, Hetta J. Sleep of children with enuresis: a polysomnographic study. Pediatrics 1999;103(6 Pt 1):1193-7

[69] Nocturnal enuresis: the management of bedwetting in children and young people Nice clinical guideline 111

[70] Nijman RJM, Borgstein NG, Ellsworth P, Djurhuus JC. Tolterodine treatment for children with symptoms of urinary urge incontinence suggestive of detrusor overactivity: results from 2 randomized, placebo controlled trials. The Journal of urology 2005;173(4):1334-9

[71] Nijman RJ, Butler R, van Gool J, Bauer W, Hjälmas K. Conservative management of urinary incontinence in childhood In P. Abrams, L. Cardozo, S. Khoury & A. Wein (Eds.à, Incontinence 2nd International Consultation of Incontinence. Plymouth: Health Publications 2002

[72] Nørgaard JP, Djurhuus JC, Watanabe H, Stenberg A, Lettgen B. Experience and current status of research into the pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis. British journal of urology 1997;79(6):825-35

[73] Nørgaard JP, Rittig S, Djurhuus JC. Nocturnal enuresis: an approach to treatment based on pathogenesis. The Journal of pediatrics 1989;114(4 Pt 2):705-10

[74] Offringa M, Assendelft W, Scholten R.. Inleiding in evidence-based medicine Stimulus 2003/12/01;22():177

[75] Ohel G, Haddad S, Samueloff A. Fetal Urine Production and Micturition and Fetal Behavioral State Am J Perinatol 1995;12(02):91

[76] Page ME, Akaoka H, Aston-Jones G, Valentino RJ. Bladder distention activates noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons by an excitatory amino acid mechanism. Neuroscience 1992;51(3):555-63

[77] Rittig S, Kovács L, Gasskill MB. Primary nocturnal enuresis in children, adolescents and young adults: a circadian defect in free water excretion controllable by desmopressin treatment Pediatr Nephrol. 1995;9(179):

[78] Robert M, Averous M, Besset A, Carlander B, Billiard M, Guiter J, Grasset D. Sleep polygraphic studies using cystomanometry in twenty patients with enuresis. European urology 1993;24(1):97-102

[79] Robson WL, Leung AK, Bloom DA. Daytime wetting in childhood. Clinical pediatrics 1996;35(2):91-8

[80] Rugolotto S, Sun M, Boucke L, Calò DG, Tatò L. Toilet training started during the first year of life: a report on elimination signals, stool toileting refusal and completion age. Minerva pediatrica 2008;60(1):27-35

[81] Rushton HG. Nocturnal enuresis: epidemiology, evaluation, and currently available treatment options. The Journal of pediatrics 1989;114(4 Pt 2):691-6

[82] Rushton HG, Belman AB, Zaontz MR, Skoog SJ, Sihelnik S. The influence of small functional bladder capacity and other predictors on the response to desmopressin in the management of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. The Journal of urology 1996;156(2 Pt 2):651-5

[83] Rutter M, Yule W, Graham P. Enuresis and behavioural deviance: some epidemiological considerations In I. Kolvin & et al (Eds.), Bladder control and enuresis. Philadelphia: Lippincott 1973

[84] Scholtmeijer RJ, Nijman JM. Routinematig urodynamisch onderzoek bij kinderen met enuresis niet geïndiceerd Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd 1993;137():808

[85] Serel TA, Akhan G, Koyuncuoğlu HR, Oztürk A, Doğruer K, Unal S, Celik K. Epidemiology of enuresis in Turkish children. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 1997;31(6):537-9

[86] Smith PS. A comparison of different methods of toilet training the mentally handicapped. Behaviour research and therapy 1979;17(1):33-43

[87] Spee-van der Wekke J, Hirasing RA, Meulmeester JF, Radder JJ. Childhood nocturnal enuresis in The Netherlands. Urology 1998;51(6):1022-6

[88] Staiano A, Andreotti MR, Greco L, Basile P, Auricchio S. Long-term follow-up of children with chronic idiopathic constipation. Digestive diseases and sciences 1994;39(3):561-4

[89] Steffens J, Netzer M, Isenberg E, Alloussi S, Ziegler M. Vasopressin deficiency in primary nocturnal enuresis. Results of a controlled prospective study. European urology 1993;24(3):366-70

[90] Tekgül S, Riedmiller H, Gerharz E, Hoebeke P, Kocvara R, Nijman RJ. Guidelines on Paediatric Urology European Association of Urology 2008

[91] Van Tijen NM, Messer AP, Namdar Z. Perceived stress of nocturnal enuresis in childhood. British journal of urology 1998;81 Suppl 3():98-9

[92] Umlauf MG, Chasens ER. Sleep disordered breathing and nocturnal polyuria: nocturia and enuresis. Sleep medicine reviews 2003;7(5):403-11

[93] van Ginkel R, Reitsma JB, Büller HA, van Wijk MP, Taminiau JAJM, Benninga MA. Childhood constipation: longitudinal follow-up beyond puberty. Gastroenterology 2003;125(2):357-63

[94] Veldkamp. Hoe gaan Marokkaanse gezinnen om met bedplassende kinderen? Een verslag van groepsgesprekken met Marokkaanse ouders en kinderen die in bed plassen 2004

[95] Verhulst FC, Sanders-Woudstra JA. Het kind met enuresis In F.C. Verhulst (Ed.), Kinderpsychiatrie in de Praktijk Houten/Zaventem: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum 1993

[96] Verhulst FC, van der Lee JH, Akkerhuis GW, Sanders-Woudstra JA, Donkhorst ID. Prevalence of enuresis in 4- to 16-year-old children: an epidemiological study Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd 1985;129():2260

[97] von Gontard A, Eiberg H, Hollmann E, Rittig S, Lehmkuhl G. Molecular genetics of nocturnal enuresis: linkage to a locus on chromosome 22. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1999;202():76-80

[98] Van Wagenen RK, Meyerson L, Kerr NJ, Mahoney K. Field trials of a new procedure for toilet training. Journal of experimental child psychology 1969;8(1):147-59

[99] van der Wal ME, Pauw-Plomp H, Schulpen TW. [Bedwetting by Dutch, Surinam, Moroccan and Turkish 3-4, 5-6, and 11-12-year-old children]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 1996;140(48):2410-4

[100] Watanabe H. Sleep patterns in children with nocturnal enuresis. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1995;173():55-6; discussion 56-7

[101] Watanabe H, Imada N, Kawauchi A, Koyama Y, Shirakawa S. Physiological background of enuresis type I. A preliminary report. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1997;183():7-9; discussion 9-10

[102] Wheeler M.. Toilet Training for Individuals with Autism & Related Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide for Parents & Teachers null: (null) 1998

[103] Wierenga-van der Hoeven CJ, Filedt Kok-Weimar TL, van Leerdam FJM. Protocollering binnen de JGZ: bedplassen Leiden: TNO Preventie en Gezondheid 2003

[104] Wille S. Nocturnal enuresis: sleep disturbance and behavioural patterns Acta Paediatr 1994;83():772

[105] Wolfish NM. Sleep/Arousal and enuresis subtypes. The Journal of urology 2001;166(6):2444-7

[106] Yeung CK, Chiu HN, Sit FK. Sleep disturbance and bladder dysfunction in enuretic children with treatment failure: fact or fiction? Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum 1999;202():20-3

[107] Yeung CK, Diao M, Sreedhar B. Cortical arousal in children with severe enuresis. The New England journal of medicine 2008;358(22):2414-5

[108] Yeung CK, Godley ML, Ho CK, Ransley PG, Duffy PG, Chen CN, Li AK. Some new insights into bladder function in infancy. British journal of urology 1995;76(2):235-40

[109] Baker SS, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, Croffie JM, Di Lorenzo C, Ector W, Nurko S. Constipation in infants and children: evaluation and treatment. A medical position statement of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 1999;29(5):612-26

[110] Bekkali N-L-H, Bongers ME, Van den Berg MM, Liem O, Benninga MA. The role of a probiotics mixture in the treatment of childhood constipation: a pilot study. Nutrition journal 2007;6():17

[111] Bekkali N, Hamers SL, Reitsma JB, van Toledo L, Benninga MA. Infant stool from scale: development and result J Pediatr 2009;154():521

[112] Bekkali N-L-H, Hagebeuk EEO, Bongers MEJ, van Rijn RR, Van Wijk MP, Liem O, Benninga MA. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine in children with chronic constipation or non-retentive fecal incontinence: a prospective study. The Journal of pediatrics 2010;156(3):461-5

[113] Bellman M. Studies on encopresis. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica 1966

[114] Benninga MA. Constipation and fecal incontinence in childhood Academisch proefschrift Amsterdam, UvA 1994

[115] Benninga MA, Büller HA, Heymans HS, Tytgat GN, Taminiau JA. Is encopresis always the result of constipation? Archives of disease in childhood 1994;71(3):186-93

[116] Benninga MA, Büller HA, Tytgat GN, Akkermans LM, Bossuyt PM, Taminiau JA. Colonic transit time in constipated children: does pediatric slow-transit constipation exist? Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 1996;23(3):241-51

[117] Benninga MA, Voskuijl WP, Taminiau JAJM. Childhood constipation: is there new light in the tunnel? Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2004;39(5):448-64

[118] Benninga M, Candy DCA, Catto-Smith AG, Clayden G, Loening-Baucke V, Di Lorenzo C, Nurko S, Staiano A. The Paris Consensus on Childhood Constipation Terminology (PACCT) Group. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2005;40(3):273-5

[119] van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. The American journal of gastroenterology 2006;101(10):2401-9

[120] van den Berg MM, van Rossum CH, de Lorijn F, Reitsma JB, Di Lorenzo C, Benninga MA. Functional constipation in infants: a follow-up study. The Journal of pediatrics 2005;147(5):700-4

[121] Bijl Geneesmiddelenbulletin 2007

[122] Blum NJ, Taubman B, Nemeth N. During toilet training, constipation occurs before stool toileting refusal. Pediatrics 2004;113(6):e520-2

[123] Blum NJ, Taubman B, Nemeth N. Why is toilet training occurring at older ages? A study of factors associated with later training. The Journal of pediatrics 2004;145(1):107-11

[124] Böhmer CJ, Taminiau JA, Klinkenberg-Knol EC, Meuwissen SG. The prevalence of constipation in institutionalized people with intellectual disability. Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR 2001;45(Pt 3):212-8

[125] Bongers MEJ, de Lorijn F, Reitsma JB, Groeneweg M, Taminiau JAJM, Benninga MA. The clinical effect of a new infant formula in term infants with constipation: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. Nutrition journal 2007;6():8

[126] Bongers MEJ, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA. Functional nonretentive fecal incontinence in children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2007;44(1):5-13

[127] Bonner L, Dobson P. Children who soil: guidelines for good practice. The journal of family health care 2003;13(2):32

[128] Borowitz SM, Cox DJ, Sutphen JL, Kovatchev B. Treatment of childhood encopresis: a randomized trial comparing three treatment protocols. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2002;34(4):378-84

[129] Borowitz SM, Cox DJ, Tam A, Ritterband LM, Sutphen JL, Penberthy JK. Precipitants of constipation during early childhood. The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 2003;16(3):213-8

[130] Brazzelli M, Griffiths PV, Cody JD, Tappin D. Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2011;2011(12):CD002240

[131] Bulk-Bunschoten AMW. Feeding practices in the Netherlands during the first four months of life Thesis UVA Amsterdam 2002

[132] Bulk-Bunschoten AMW, Benninga MA, Kneepkens CMF, van der Wal M, Hirasing RA. Fecal incontinence in childhood: a guideline of fecal incontinence Child Health E-health 2008

[133] Bulk-Bunschoten. Bulk-Bunschoten 1998 1998

[134] Chiarioni G, Whitehead WE. The role of biofeedback in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Nature clinical practice. Gastroenterology & hepatology 2008;5(7):371-82

[135] Clayden GS. Management of chronic constipation. Archives of disease in childhood 1992;67(3):340-4

[136] van Dijk M, Bongers MEJ, de Vries G-J, Grootenhuis MA, Last BF, Benninga MA. Behavioral therapy for childhood constipation: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008;121(5):e1334-41

[137] Fontana M, Bianchi C, Cataldo F, Conti Nibali S, Cucchiara S, Gobio Casali L, Iacono G, Sanfilippo M, Torre G. Bowel frequency in healthy children. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica 1989;78(5):682-4

[138] Forsyth JS, Varma S, Colvin M. A randomised controlled study of the effect of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on stool hardness during formula feeding. Archives of disease in childhood 1999;81(3):253-6

[139] van Ginkel R, Benninga M, Blommaart PJ, van der Plas R, Boeckxstaens G, Büller H, Taminiau J.A.. Lack of benefit of laxatives as adjunctive therapy for functional nonretentive fecal soiling in children Journal of Pediatrics 2000;137(6):808

[140] Hallmann F. Toxicity of commonly used laxatives. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2000;6(3):618-28

[141] den Hertog-Kuijl JH, van Leengoed PLM, Kolk F, van den Broek MCL, Kramer EAH, Bakker EJ, Bulk AMW, Kneepkens CMF, Benninga MA. The defecation pattern of healthy infants up to the age of three months 2010

[142] Hyman PE, Milla PJ, Benninga MA, Davidson GP, Fleisher DF, Taminiau J. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology 2006;130(5):1519-26

[143] Jorge JMN, Habr-Gama A, Wexner SD. Biofeedback therapy in the colon and rectal practice. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 2003;28(1):47-61

[144] Keuzenkamp-Jansen CW, Fijnvandraat CJ, Kneepkens CM, Douwes AC. Diagnostic dilemmas and results of treatment for chronic constipation. Archives of disease in childhood 1996;75(1):36-41

[145] Kneepkens CMF, Benninga MA. Obstipatie In: Kneepkens CMF, Taminiau JAJM, POlman HA (red) Werkboek kindergastroenterologie. Amsterdam VU uitgeverij 2002

[146] Kneepkens CMF. In: Voedingsadvisering bij jonge kinderen (red. Kneepkens CMF, Carmiggelt EC, de Leeuw MBA) Van Gorcum, Assen 2008

[147] Largo RH, Molinari L, von Siebenthal K, Wolfensberger U. Does a profound change in toilet-training affect development of bowel and bladder control? Developmental medicine and child neurology 1996;38(12):1106-16

[148] Largo RH, Molinari L, von Siebenthal K, Wolfensberger U. Development of bladder and bowel control: significance of prematurity, perinatal risk factors, psychomotor development and gender. European journal of pediatrics 1999;158(2):115-22

[149] Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, Kelleher K, Mousa H, Di Lorenzo C. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the United States. The Journal of pediatrics 2009;154(2):258-62

[150] Loening-Baucke V. Factors determining outcome in children with chronic constipation and faecal soiling. Gut 1989;30(7):999-1006

[151] Loening-Baucke V. Constipation in early childhood: patient characteristics, treatment, and longterm follow up. Gut 1993;34(10):1400-4

[152] Loening-Baucke V. Encopresis and soiling. Pediatric clinics of North America 1996;43(1):279-98

[153] Loening-Baucke V. Polyethylene glycol without electrolytes for children with constipation and encopresis. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2002;34(4):372-7

[154] Mooren GC, van der Plas RN, Bossuyt PM, Taminiau JA, Büller HA. [The relationship between intake of dietary fiber and chronic constipation in children]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 1996;140(41):2036-9

[155] Müller-Lissner SA, Kamm MA, Scarpignato C, Wald A. Myths and misconceptions about chronic constipation. The American journal of gastroenterology 2005;100(1):232-42

[156] NHG-standaard Obstipatie Huisarts en Wetenschap 2010;9():484

[157] Palsson OS, Heymen S, Whitehead WE. Biofeedback treatment for functional anorectal disorders: a comprehensive efficacy review. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 2004;29(3):153-74

[158] van der Plas RN, Benninga MA, Büller HA, Bossuyt PM, Akkermans LM, Redekop WK, Taminiau JA. Biofeedback training in treatment of childhood constipation: a randomised controlled study. Lancet (London, England) 1996;348(9030):776-80

[159] van der Plas RN. Clinical management and treatment options in children with defaecation disorders Academisch proefschrift Amsterdam, UvA 1998

[160] Procter E, Loader P. A 6-year follow-up study of chronic constipation and soiling in a specialist paediatric service. Child: care, health and development 2003;29(2):103-9

[161] Tabbers MM, Benninga MA. Het toedienen van probiotische lacobacilli aan kinderen met gastrointestinale problemen: er is nog weinig evidence Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2007;151():2198

[162] Taubman B, Blum NJ, Nemeth N. Children who hide while defecating before they have completed toilet training: a prospective study. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2003;157(12):1190-2

[163] Taubman B, Blum NJ, Nemeth N. Stool toileting refusal: a prospective intervention targeting parental behavior. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2003;157(12):1193-6

[164] Veugelers. Veugelers 2009 in bewerking (welk tijdschrift etc volgt nog) 2009

[165] Voskuijl WP, Benninga MA. Medicamenteus beleid bij kinderen met obstipatie Modern Medicine 2003;2():123

[166] Voskuijl W, de Lorijn F, Verwijs W, Hogeman P, Heijmans J, Mäkel W, Taminiau J, Benninga M. PEG 3350 (Transipeg) versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood functional constipation: a double blind, randomised, controlled, multicentre trial. Gut 2004;53(11):1590-4

[167] Voskuijl WP, Reitsma JB, van Ginkel R, Büller HA, Taminiau JAJM, Benninga MA. Longitudinal follow-up of children with functional nonretentive fecal incontinence. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2006;4(1):67-72

[168] van der Wal MF, Benninga MA, Hirasing RA. The prevalence of encopresis in a multicultural population. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2005;40(3):345-8

[169] Walker AR, Walker BF. Bowel behaviour in young black and white children. Archives of disease in childhood 1985;60(10):967-70

[170] Weaver LT, Steiner H. The bowel habit of young children. Archives of disease in childhood 1984;59(7):649-52

[171] van Widenfelt BM, Goedhart AW, Treffers PDA, Goodman R. Dutch version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). European child & adolescent psychiatry 2003;12(6):281-9